Carbureting and fuel supply means for motor-driven vehicles



y 1947- w. R. KUZELKA 2,419,956

CARBURETING AND FUEL SUPPLY MEANS FOR MOTOR DRIVEN VEHICLES Filed Sept. 4, 1942 INVENTOR WILLIAM R. KuzELkA M r W ATTORNEYS Patented May 6, 1947 CARBURETING- AND FUEL SUPPLY MEAN S FOR MOTOR DRIVEN VEHICLES William R. Kuzelka, New York, N; Y;

Application September 4, 1942; Serial No. 57,279:

14: Claims.

This, invention relates to: vehicular engine. and carhuretor' constructions.

Qne. object. of: the. invention is a novel and improved: engine and carhureting structure for vehicle operation, characterized by flexibility in control. and eficiencyin operation under varying road conditions.

A. further object of the invention is. a. novel and improved carburetor for an internal com-bus? ttQKIILOtOI used. to propel a," vehicle, which facilihates the. maintenance of top performance of the motor during: both level road operating conditions and upgrade operating conditions with a loss of speed and power.

Arfurther object. of, the invention is to provide a. novel and improved means which will automatically. eifect. the continued changes in the fuel mixtures; of the carburetor when and as required with ahigh ratio of fuel economy for improved performance.

Aiurther-object of the invention is-to provide a novel and improved means for automatically compensating for the lessened liquid fuel present in the carburetor mixtureoutput at: lowered suction, pressures.

A. further object. of the invention is to provide a, novel and: improved means for increasing the degree of atomization of liquid fuel at idling speed. of the motor and: insuring smooth performance.

A further object of theinvention is to provide novel and improved means of the above indicatedcharacter' that are simple and economical in construction and will function with a minimum of wear and adjustment.

Further objects of" the invention Will hereinafter appear.

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had. to the accompanying drawings illustrating embodiments of the invention, wherein:

1 is. a. sectional view of a vehicular carburetor and engine structure embodying the in- Flea e. is awporspeotive view of. a detail: of; the structure, and: i 6- shows amodificat on.

Referring to the. drawing I have illust ated my invent on as. mbodied n a. vehicle apart oi: whose irameisinoicatedat A... Ther smoun on; this vehicle. a conventional int.orh 1;comhustion engine, this. engine havin aconventional intake a formin par or or leadin t the eng ne manifold; and functioning; toconveythe exnl si e nurture from the o rhurctins. devicosto th intake valvesandicylinders oi thoeneine (omitted for conveni nce in illustrati n mo e this. hi take. are disposed the carbureting and: rziixturc. for-miner mea s: t r the en ne. these means. be n fastened to. the; intake. ii in any suitable. manner as. for example by the bolts 1.. The. mixture iiorniin means. include a conventional tunnel opening t leading; downwardly to a conventional suction chamber 5 and. through a conventional Venturt tube; 4; A. choke valve is indicated at 2 andthis valve mar be. operated in any suitable or conventional manner namely either manually or thermostatically. liconventional butterfly-valve 6. is; indicated in. the suction. chamber for 00111- trollin the. supp y of explosive mixture to the engine. valve aremanuahasshown in Fig; 3-.

The. invention; embodies-a special correlation of; a. conventional high; speed nozzle 3 and an idlin -speednozzle 3'3, 1-", an idling speed well 25 and; a. float chamber Or carburetor bowl [-3, with a slotted bloeder zfi formed intheside wallv ofthe conduit 24 leading. tothe nozzle 3.

The. arrow F- indicates the direction of. move ment of. the vehicle and it is observed that thecarburetor howl. L3. is disposed forwardly of the comparatively small Well 25in which is. disposed the conduit 2.4 supplying a fuel mixture to. the nozzle 3', the bowl l3 and the well 25' being sepa..-. rated from each other by means of a wall l0 through. thelowerpart of which formed acommunicating: passage it. between the float. cham her 3: and the; idling Well 2.5. for the. supply or iquid fu l. to the well 25. The. well 25. in the particular em odiment shown is l ustrated as bei g deeper than the; howl l3 and the idling con! duit 24; extends down to: a point near the bottom ofthe Well. A cap 3- is disposed on the lower end of. the conduit 24 and. this cap. is: provided witha restricted: opening 9 which. functions as a mm The means for operating this. throttle critical compensator for wear in the dimensions of the slotted bleeder 26, the upper opening 3' in the conduit and a possible variation in the diameter of the conduit 24. The conduit 24 may be fixed in position or adjustably mounted, and in the particular embodiment shown it is held in position by means of a retaining nut 23, screwthreadedly attached to an opening above the well 25 and engaging a shoulder 24' on or about the conduit, this shoulder 24' in turn engaging a sealing gasket 23'.

A conventional float I2 is illustrated in the bowl I3 for controlling the supply of liquid fuel from any suitable source and maintaining a Dredetermined liquid fuel level in the chamber of bowl I3 and idling well 25. This float controls and operates a conventional valve mechanism indicated schematically at ll, as for example, of a pin valve type. At M is illustrated a conventional pivoted lever of the float assembly to which the float I2 is attached.

At I8 I have indicated an opening for the admission of air or fluid under pressure to the float chamber I3 for the proper operation of the mechanism. A similar opening I9 is indicated in the upper part of the well 25 for the admission of air or fluid under pressure to the upper part of the idling well to provide for the operation of the carbureting means therein. These two openings I8 and I9 are disposed above the level of the liquid fuel maintained in the chamber I3 and the well 25. Liquid fuel is supplied from the bowl or chamber I3 to the main or high speed nozzle 3 through a passage schematically illustrated at II, this passage I I being connected with the bowl or chamber I3 at a point near the bottom thereof as indicated at II. The nozzle 3' of the conduit 24 is disposed in a chamber 20 and this chamber 20 leads downwardly through an idling speed conduit or channel 21. The latter terminates in a narrowed metered opening 21' as a nozzle discharging into suction chamber 5. This metered opening 2'! is controlled partly by a fixed throttle adjustment which may be set and fixed by means of an adjustable screw 30 and the accelerator pedal (omitted for convenience in illustration) operating the throttle valve 6.

At 29 I have indicated a conventional ball ended lever which is fixed to the throttle valve spindle, the ball end being a part of a universal joint in th linkage between the accelerator p dal and the throttle valve 6. A stop 32 is indicated to arrest the throttle valve 6 when in a vertical position or at the maximum opening, a, lug or projection 29 formed on the lever 29, engaging this stop 32. This stop 32 also functions as a rest for the adjusted idling screw 30 at minimum speed. By adjustment of the said screw 30 the throttle valve 6 may be caused to vary the metered opening 21' for adjusting the idling speed. The adjusting screw may be fixed in the adjusted position in any suitable manner as for example by the use of a tight fitted threading or a lock nut indicated.

The idling conduit 27 leading from the nozzle 3' to the suction chamber functions as a mixing chamber for the fuel and air delivery to this conduit. Air is admitted to the chamber 20 through an opening 20' and this may be air at atmospheric pressure or air under fluid pressure. The quantity of air admitted to the chamber 20 and thence to the mixing chamber 21 is controlled in part by a conventional adjusting screw 22 having a, conical point for varying the opening leading from the passage 20' to the passage 20,

and a conventional coil spring 2I is shown as a locking means for the adjusting screw 22. The air admitted from the passage 20' to the chambers 2i] and 21 functions further to dilute the fuel mixture entering the mixing chamber 2! from the conduit 24. The fuel charge drawn up through the conduit 24 to the nozzle 3 is a rich mixture which ordinarily requires dilution by the admission of air into the chamber 20. This rich mixture is formed by the air coming through the opening i9 and from thence through the elongated slot 26 extending longitudinally of the conduit 24. For normal level road operation the elongated bleeder slot 26 is disposed above the level of the fuel in the well 25 as for example the lower end of this bleeder slot being disposed approximately .015 above the liquid fuel level. This bleeder is subject to partial or complete immersion when climbing hills because of its location well aft of the liquid fuel level controlling float I2 or the bowl I3. For example, the dot and dash fuel level indicated at I00 shows the lower end of this bleeder slot 26 partially immersed when the car is on a steep upward incline. Of course the fuel level naturally remains level whether the car is on level road or going up hill, but for convenience in illustration the level of the fuel is changed instead of the inclination of the car. By this arrangement added power is automatically imparted to the engine by the enrichment of the fuel supply through the idling conduit 24, while the supply from the main bowl I3 and through the high speed nozzle 3 remains the same in richness or a richness which is not varied by road inclinations. The added power is thereby obtained for climbing hills entirely automatically with maintenance of the desired climbing speed and with less throttling of the engine. Thus the disposition of the idling conduit with well 25 aft of the main float chamber I3 with the bleeder slot 26 disposed on approximately level roads above the liquid level enables a richer mixture to be supplied automatically to the engine going up steep hills, while on approximately level roads or on downward inclines the mixture is not varied by the liquid level and the main speed nozzle 3 and the idling nozzle 3' cooperate and function together to produce a flexible and eflicient operation desired in practice.

In the particular embodiment shown the carbureting frame structure is embodied in three parts, a Venturi part 4, an upper part B and a lower part C. The upper and lower parts B and C are fitted together with a conventional gasket [5 to seal the joint between the upper and lower halves of the housing. The upper and lower halves may be fastened together in any suitable manner as for example by conventional hexagon headed bolts, one of said bolts being indicated at I6. Fue1 is admitted to the pin valve assembly I! through a gas or liquid fuel supply line 28 leading from a suitable supply as for example a fuel pump or tank (omitted for convenience in illustration). A conventional gasket 3| is shown to seal the joint between the suction chamber element 5 and the intake 8.

The arrows adjacent the valves and mechanisms indicate the direction the choke valve 2, the throttle valve 6 and the throttle lever 29 will swing to the other extreme.

In Figs. 4 and 5 I have indicated a means for adjustably compensating for changes made in the liquid fuel level as for example due to the wear in the fuel assembly and the fuel pin valve assembly. 1. e-, the means as shown enable the adjustment of the length of the bleeder slot 216 and the height of it above the liquid level. In this case the bleeder slot 26 was formed of a. greater length than is necessary for adequate control, and the upper and lower ends of this bleeder slot are covered by sleeves 33 which are slid over the. conduit 24 and frictionally grip in a retaining manner the tube 2%. Each of these sleevesis formed with a slot so Fig. 4 shows idling conduit 24 with the long slot or bleeder 26. to be adaptable for the vary-i ing. conditions. The sleeves 33 are strips or bands of tempered metal tightened and slidably fitted to the conduit, 24, one band partly over the top and the other partly over the lower end of the bleeder 26. The vertical slit or slot 34 of the sleeve 33. is a full width clearance and the purpose of this slit is to impart, the proper functional relation of its frictional attachment to the idling conduit at.

As indicated Fig, 2 shows the relative posie. tions of the. carburetor bowl [3, the idling well 25, and the suction chamber 5. This arrange ment, as. p nted out above of the idlin well 25, namely its being positioned in the center rear of the carburetor bowl 13, offers the best functional results above described, It is understood, however, that the position of the suction chamber 5. is optional since it be placed on either side of the carburetor bowl as space or other practical conditions permit.

In the modification. of Fig, 6, the down, draft pipe 52 formin he intake l is provided with an air channel 66 lay-passing the Venturi pipe 4 and leading down to an opening it to the suction chamber 5 at. a point below the throttle v lve s. The air passing down the channel as is controlled. by a poppet valve 51 which cooperates With a valve seat member 68. The stem 6] of the valve passes up through this valve seat insert 68 an the air passes. freely from the cha n l 66 t ugh an. openin 58' formed in the op of the valve seat and chamber member 63. A guide m mber is for the stem 67 is positioned above the valve seat and a spring 69 is attached at one end to the stem 6?, and at the other end to a wrench screw 10, The valve 61 normally heldv in, closed position b the spring 69 and the tension of thi spring may be tight. tened simply by turning the screw iii. A perforated sleeve i2 is, disposed about the opening 12 so as to scr en or filter the ir admitted through the valve til, This perforated sleeve also functions to break up. the air stream injected into the chamber 5 through. the valve 5 This auxiliary air supply means comprising the channel 65., the valve 6". and the perforated sleeve 12' cooperatively function with the fuel supply nozzles to give the desired flexibility in control and operation of the engine. For example, with the throttle valve 6 closed, namely, with the motor idling, an increased suction automatically opens the valve 61 against the tension of the sprin to admit airfor supplementing the idling mixture. This applies also to the condition when the throttle valve 6 is partially open, namely in all cases where the suction would be sufficient to open the valve 6?, in which case the additional, air supplied through the channel as would supplement the operation of the nozzles 2'! and; 3. A particular advantage of the auxily air supply through the bypass is derived in coasting on down grades when additional air is au ati ally supplied to provide a leaner mixurc.

Iclaimr 1. In combination a vehicle frame, an internal combustion engine mounted on. the frame, a carburetor bowl in which fuel is. maintained at. a predetermined level, a fuel well aft of the bowl and in communication therewith so as to maintain the same fuel level in the bowl and the well, a suction chamber in which an explosive mixture is formed, a high speed fuel supply means leading to said suction chamber, an idlin nozzle supplied with a fuel mixture from the well with the air for said mixture supplied through an opening which, when the engine is horizon tally disposed, is above the fluid level but when the engine is upwardly inclined is partially immersed, said, idling nozzle leading to the suction chamber for supplying a fuel mixture for idling and for assisting the high Speed nozzle in sup:- plying a fuel mixture to the suction chamber at; higher speeds.

2. In combination a vehicle frame, an internal combustion engine mounted on said frame, a suction chamber for said engine, a carburetor bowl in which the fuel is maintained at a prede-c tel-mined level, a well aft of said bowl, a fuel coma municating passage between thebowl and the well for maintaining the same level of fuel in the well as is maintained in the bowl, a, conduit disposed. in the Welland partially immersed in the fuel, said conduit having an opening for the maintenance of the level of fuel in the conduit at the level maintained in the bowl and the well at all times, an air opening in the conduit disposed above the level of fuel in the well when the engine is ap-. proximately level but at least partially closed when the vehicle is on a steep upgrade to vary the richness of the mixture responsively to the in clinat-ion but to return to normal fuel charge in stantly upon the vehiclereaching a horizontal position, an idling speed nozzle and mixing chainber communicating with said conduit above the air passage and leading to said suction chamber, and means controlling the flow through said suction chamber.

3. In a carburetor for internal combustion mo tors for vehicles, a means tocontain liquid fuel, a float assembly formaintaining therein a predetermined amount and level of fuel, a means for suppyling fluid under pressure tosaid means to contain fuel, a means to supply fuel for the-idling or primary speed of the motor comprising an upwardly extending fuel conduit extending into said means, to contain fuel at the extreme aft position therein, the fuel in said. conduit being maintained at. all times at the level of the fuel in the container, a slotted bleeder being formed longitudinally in the wall of said conduit and normally unsealed by the fuel level but subject to a fluid seal at low suction pressure, said conduit being positioned aft of the float assembly whereby the eifective length of the said slotted bleeder will be immersed and positively sealed accordingly as the vehicle is rearwardly inclined, and thereby resulting in a liquidv fuel mixture richer than normal with instant return to normal mixture uponthe motor assuming a horizontal position.

i. In a carburetor for internal combustion motors for vehicles, a float chamber, a float assembly for maintaining therein a predetermined amount and level of liquid fuel, a well placed rearwardly of and communicating with the liquidfuei of said float chamber, a means for supplying kuid' under pressure to said float chamber and well, a

means to supply fuel for the idling or primary speed of the motor comprising a fuel conduit extending downwardly into said fuel well and being maintained with fuel at all times at the level of the fuel in the float chamber, a slotted bleeder being formed longitudinally in th wall of said conduit and normally unsealed by the fuel level of said Well, whereby the effective length of the said bleeder will be immersed accordingly as the vehicle is rearwardly inclined, thereby resulting in a liquid fuel mixture richer than normal with instant return to normal mixture upon the motor assuming a horizontal position.

5. In a carburetor for internal combustion motors for vehicles, a float chamber, a float assembly for maintaining therein a predetermined amount and level of liquid fuel, a well placed rearwardly of the center of and communicating with the liquid fuel in said float chamber, a means for supplying fluid under pressure to said float chamber and well, a means to supply fuel for the idling or primary speed of the motor comprising a fuel conduit extending into said fuel well and being maintained with fuel at all times at the level of the fuel in the float chamber, a slotted bleeder being formed longitudinally in the Wall of said conduit and normally unsealed by the fuel level of said well, whereby the effective length of the said bleeder will be immersed accordingly as the vehicle is rearwardly inclined, thereby resulting in a liquid fuel mixture richer than normal, with instant return to normal mixture upon the motor assuming horizontal position.

6. In a carburetor for internal combustion motors for vehicles, a float chamber, a float assembly for maintaining therein a predetermined amount and level of liquid fuel, a well placed rearwardly of and communicating with the liquid fuel of said float chamber, a means for supplying fluid under pressure to said float chamber and well, a means to supply fuel for the idling or primary speed of the motor comprising a fuel conduit extending into said fuel well and being maintained with fuel at all times at the level of the fuel in the float chamber, a slotted bleeder being formed longitudinally in the wall of said conduit, a dimension of said slotted bleeder being larger than precision, a slidable means on said fuel conduit to retain precision dimension of said slotted bleeder, wherewith changes in the liquid fuel level due to wear in the float assembly will be compensated for, said slotted bleeder being at least partially closed when the vehicle is on a steep upgrade to provide a richer mixture than normal but with an instant return to normal mixture upon horizontal position being reached.

7. In a carburetor for internal combustion motors for vehicles, a float chamber, a float assembly for maintaining therein a predetermined amount and level of liquid fuel, a well placed rearwardly of and communicating with the liquid fuel of the said float chamber, a means for supplying fluid under pressure to said float chamber and well, a means to supply fuel to the idling or primary speed of the motor comprising a fuel conduit extending into said fuel well and being maintained with fuel at all times at the level of the fuel in the float chamber, a slotted bleeder being formed longitudinally in the wall of said conduit, a dimension of said slotted bleeder being larger than precision, a slidable tempered metal band retaining the upper precision dimension and another slidable tempered metal band retaining the lower precision dimension of the said slotted bleeder on the said fuel conduit, wherewith changes in the liquid fuel level due to wear in said float assembly will be compensated for, said slotted bleeder being at least partially closed when the vehicle is on a. steep upgrade to provide a richer mixture than normal but with an instant return to normal mixture upon horizontal position being reached.

8. In a carburetor for internal combustion motors for vehicles, a means to contain liquid fuel, a float assembly for maintaining in said liquid fuel container a predetermined amount and level of fuel, a means for supplying fluid under pressure to said means to contain fuel, a suction chamber communicating with the valves and the cylinders of the motor, a means to supply fuel to the said suction chamber comprising a fuel conduit extending into said means to contain fuel and being maintained with fuel at all times at the level of the fuel in the float chamber, a slotted bleeder extending longitudinally in the wall of said conduit and normally unsealed by the fuel level, said conduit being aft of the said float assembly whereby the eifective length of the said bleeder will be immersed accordingly as the vehicle is rearwardly inclined and thereby resulting in a richer liquid fuel mixture than normal with instant return to the normal mixture upon the vehicle reaching a horizontal position.

9. In an arrangement of the character set forth in claim 2 wherein an auxiliary air supply means leads to the suction chamber with means responsive to the suction pressure in the chamber for controlling the supply of air.

10. In an arrangement of the character set forth in claim 1 wherein an auxiliary air supply means leads to the suction chamber with means responsive to the suction pressure in the chamber for controlling the supply of air.

11. An explosive mixture supply means for vehicular motors comprising a fuel chamber and means for forming an explosive mixture in combination with means responsive to inclination of the vehicle for enriching the mixture by reducing the portion of air when the vehicle is going upgrade and comprising a conduit in said chamber which is maintained with fuel at the level of the fuel in said chamber at all times, the mixture being instantly reduced to normal when the vehicle assumes a horizontal position.

12. An explosive mixture supply means for internal combustion engines comprising a fuel chamber, means for maintaining a fuel supply to said chamber, a conduit within said chamber wherein fuel is maintained at all times at the level maintained in said chamber, said conduit being in the extreme aft part of the chamber, a high speed nozzle supplied with fuel from said chamber, a second nozzle supplied with fuel from said conduit and means supplying air to said second nozzle including means responsive to the inclination of the engine for varying the air supply to the second nozzle, the fuel mixture supplied to the second nozzle being thereby richer upon upgrades, with an instant return to normal richness when the engine returns to horizontal position.

13. In the combination of claim 2 wherein the well is provided with a closing wall at the top and said conduit is suspended from said wall so as to project downwardly into the well below the level of the fuel therein.

14. An explosive mixture supply means for in-- ternal combustion engines comprising a fuel chamber, means for maintaining a fuel supply to said chamber, a conduit suspended at its upper end from the upper wall of the chamber and projecting down into the chamber, fuel being maintained at all times in said conduit at the level normally maintained in the chamber, a high 9 speed nozzle supplied with fuel from said chamber, a second nozzle supplied with fuel from said conduit and means responsive to the inclination of the engine for varying the air supply to the said second nozzle comprising a, bleeder opening in said conduit whose area, is varied responsively to inclinations 0f the engine and responsively to a return to horizontal position for returning the air supply to the normal supply.

WILLIAM R. KUZELKA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number Number UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Mennesson Feb. 13, 1941 Grosz Sept. 14, 1937 Coffey July 30, 1940 Hunt Dec. 21, 1937 Hayes, Jr. Mar, 6, 1928 Kuzelka Dec. 6, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date British Apr. 21, 1910 

